ENROLLED STUDENTS ONLY
SOCIAL STUDIES EXAM
INSTRUCTIONS
NOTE:
Selected statements shall be answered True or False. Please note that the statements making up those examinations may or may not be related to any summary that you have submitted for this subject.
Students sending answers for this Social Science examination through Email please uses the following format: SS.01(T) or SS.01(F).
SOCIAL STUDIES EXAM
STUDENTS SELECT 20 QUESTIONS FROM THE LIST
It is required that from the 20 questions selected from each exam, the student must correctly answer a minimum of 15 to approve the subject. If less than 15 correctly answered, the student must select the same number of questions failed from the list to complete 15. Example: you correctly answered 12, therefore you need 3 more correct answers to approve the subject. You may continue your selection as many times needed until approval.
SS.01. The United States operates under a federal form of government, in which power is shared between different levels of government, with the national government holding the greatest amount of power.
SS.02. States have power over local issues. Some powers, such as collecting taxes, are shared with the federal government. The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution says that powers that have not been given to the national government and have not been withheld from the state government are reserved for the states.
SS.03.The United States Constitution divides our national government into three separate branches. Each branch has its own area of responsibility. The legislative branch includes Congress, and makes laws for the country. This branch also raises money, approves the printing of money, and can declare war.
SS.04. The executive branch is responsible for approving and carrying out the laws, and includes the president, the vice president, and the department that are needed to enforce the laws, including the military.
SS.05. The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court. The judges in this court are nominated by the president and are responsible for interpreting the laws and determining whether or not they have been followed.
SS.06.The Scottish philosopher, John Locke, who influenced the structure of the government of the United States, believed that the rights to life, liberty, and prosperity were God-given rights that could not be denied: however, in a state of nature, without government, some people would deprive others of these natural rights. He believed that people should have the freedom to make their own choices, as long as those choices do not interfere with the liberty of others.
SS.07. Popular sovereignty, one of the principles upon which the Constitution of the United States was built, is a political theory under which government is created by the will of the people.
SS.08.The U.S. Constitution mandates that the members of the House of Representatives will choose a speaker, who serves as their leader. This person is ceremonially ranked as the highest official in the legislative branch of the government. The role of Speaker of the House includes being the administrative head of the House of Representatives, presiding over debates, appointing committee members, and administering the oath of office to other members.
SS.09. Following the writing of the U.S. Constitution, many Americans, including Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, demanded that a Bill of Rights be added to the document. The Bill of Rights, which includes the first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution is summarized as follows: (1) Freedom of religion, speech, press, and petition (2) Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well-regulated militia (3) No quartering of soldiers in any house without the consent of the owner (4) Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures (5) Right to due process of law; freedom from self-incrimination and double jeopardy (6) Rights of accused persons, such as the right to a speedy and public trial by jury (7) Right of trial by jury in civil cases (8) Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments (9) Rights in addition to those stated in the Constitution (10) Powers reserved to the states.
SS.10. the Magna Carta, written in the year 1297, has been noted as one of the most important legal document ever written. This document inspired the colonists during the American Revolution to believe they were entitled to some of the same rights, which were eventually included in the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.
SS.11. Despite being the richest nation in the world, the United States is plagued with high poverty within its citizenship.
SS.12. In 2012, there were 16.1 million children living in poverty. There were 49 million Americans living in food insecure homes, 15.9 million of them were children.
SS.13. In 2013, child poverty reached record high levels in the U.S., with 16.7 million children living in food insecure households while 30 percent of low income single mothers can't even afford diapers.
SS.14. The lack of childcare can be detrimental to single mothers, hindering their ability to obtain employment.
SS.15. A 2014 report by the National Center on Family Homelessness states the number of homeless children in the U.S. has reached record levels, calculating that 2.5 million children, or one child in every 30, experienced homelessness in 2013.
SS.16. Most Americans will spend at least one year below the poverty line at some point between ages 25 and 75. Poverty rates are persistently higher in rural and inner city parts of the country as compared to suburban areas.
SS.17. In November 2012 the U.S. Census Bureau said more than 16% of the population lived in poverty, including almost 20% of American children.
SS.18. Homelessness in the United States is an area of concern for social service providers, government officials, policy professionals, and society at large.
SS.19. People who have served time in prison, have abused drugs and alcohol, or have a history of mental illness find it difficult to impossible to find employment for years at a time because of the use of computer background checks by potential employers.
SS.20. Homeless individuals report a lack of affordable housing as the number one reason for becoming homeless.
SS.21. Homeless individuals report mental illness as being the number three reason for becoming or staying homeless. Such illnesses are often closely linked with the fourth reason substance abuse and therefore it is generally accepted that both of these issues should be treated simultaneously.
SS.22. Incarceration in the United States is one of the main forms of punishment, rehabilitation, or both for the commission of felony and other offenses.
SS.23.The United States has the largest prison population in the world.
SS.24.The Vera Institute of Justice reported in 2015 that jails throughout the United States have become warehouses for the poor, the mentally ill and those suffering from addiction as such individuals lack the financial means or mental capacity to post bail.
SS.25. According to a 2014 report by Human Rights Watch, "tough-on-crime laws adopted since the 1980's have filled U.S. prisons with mostly nonviolent offenders. This policy failed to rehabilitate prisoners and many were worse on release than before incarceration. Rehabilitation programs for offenders can be more cost effective than prison
SS.26.Through the juvenile courts and the adult criminal justice system, the United States incarcerates more of its youth than any other country in the world, a reflection of the larger trends in incarceration practices in the United States.
SS.27. Sociology is the academic study of social behavior, including its origins, development, organization, and institutions. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, social disorder and social change.
SS.28. Many sociologists aim to conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes. The traditional focuses of sociology include social stratification, social class, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, sexuality and deviance.
SS.29. As all spheres of human activity are affected by the interplay between social structure and individual agency, sociology has gradually expanded its focus to further subjects, such as health, medical, military, penal institutions, the Internet, education, and the role of social activity in the development of scientific knowledge.
SS.30. Social research informs politicians, policy makers, educators, planners, lawmakers, administrators, developers, business magnates, managers, social workers, non-governmental organizations, non-profit organizations, and people interested in resolving social issues in general.
SS.31. Sociological reasoning pre-dates the foundation of the discipline. Social analysis has origins in the common stock of western knowledge and philosophy and has been carried out from as far back as the time of Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher.
SS.32. The word sociology (or "sociologie") is derived from both Latin and Greek origins. The Latin word: socious, "companion"; the suffix -logy, "the study of" from Greek , logos, "word", "knowledge".
SS.33. Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 - 8 December 1903) was one of the most popular and influential 19th century sociologists. It is estimated that he sold one million books in his lifetime, far more than any other sociologist at the time. While Marxian ideas defined one strand of sociology, Spencer was a critic of socialism as well as strong advocate for a laissez-faire style of government. His ideas were highly observed by conservative political circles, especially in the United States and England.
SS.34. Formal academic sociology was established by Emile Durkheim (1858-1917), who developed positivism as a foundation to practical social research.
SS.35. Durkheim, Marx, and the German theorist Max Weber (1864-1920) are typically cited as the three principal architects of sociology.
SS.36. Marx and Engels associated the emergence of modern society above all with the development of capitalism; for Durkheim it was connected in particular with industrialization and the new social division of labor which this brought about; for Weber it had to do with the emergence of a distinctive way of thinking.
SS.37. The overarching methological principle of positivism is to conduct sociology in broadly the same manner as natural science
SS.38. Psychology is the study of mind and behavior It is an academic discipline and an applied science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.
SS.39. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.
SS.40. Psychologists explore concepts such as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, phenomenology, motivation, brain, functioning personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas.
SS.41.The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical counseling or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior,
SS.42. An early researcher into psychological conditioning was Ivan Pavlov, known best for inducing dogs to salivate in the presence of a stimulus previous linked with food. As the star of psychology rose over the Soviet Union, Pavlov became a leading figure and attracted many followers, who applied his theories to humans.
SS.43. Beginning in the 1890's, Austrian psychologists including Josef Breuer, Alfred Adler, Otto Rank, and most prominently Sigmund Freud, developed an influential school of thought and clinical practice called psychoanalysis.
SS.44. Psychoanalysis comprises a method of investigating the mind and interpreting experience; a systematized set of theories about human behavior; and a form of psychotherapy to treat psychological or emotional distress
SS.45. Freud had a significant influence on Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, whose theories of analytical psychology; include such well-known concepts as the collective unconscious. Modification of Jung's theories led to the archetypal and process-oriented schools.